Category Archives: Nuclear Radiation and its Effects

Group One Project Proposal

Our group has decided to measure the \alpha, \beta, and \gamma radiation levels in buildings around Vassar College’s campus, although the possible type of radiation detection depends on the availability of appropriate sensors. In particular, we plan to focus on the comparison of radiation levels to the age of the building in question. We know that Sanders Physics has historically had \gamma radiation contamination that was only recently discovered, and we want to explore the possibility that such contamination may exist in other buildings. We will use the SensorDrone sensor, along with other radiation measuring devices to take our readings, and once collected, we will compare our results to federal standards for acceptable radiation levels.

 

Nuclear Radiation Research [Results and Conclusions]

The results of our research of current radiation levels around Japan’s Fukushimadaiichi nuclear plant leads us to several conclusions about the effects on people who receive contact with nuclear radiation.

We posted the analysis earlier along with your data. Below, are the conclusions we came to based on the data we collected from TEPCO and other sources that recorded radiation levels near Fukushima as well as Tokyo:

How does this compare to average radiation levels? Looking at the most current statistics (April 19):

mircoSv/ day = Reading of the integrated dose (as seen above)

1. Fukushima Monitoring Post

10.8 microSv/hour (242 microSv/day = same as round-trip flight from New York to Los Angeles)

à 242 microSv/day = 88330 microSv/year = 88.3 times annual average dose limit)

2. Tokyo
0.075 microSv/hour (1.8 microSv/day = 657 microSv/year = 65.7% annual dose limit)

As you can see, the levels reported near fukushima are still dangerously high and prove to be very harmful for people who are exposed to it daily. As David posted earlier, we used a  Geiger counter to compare it to levels that we, as Vassar students, experience around campus and with daily technology:

David’s data conclusions:

To give you an idea of just how small these amounts are, here are some facts about radiation exposure (taken from Reuters):

People are exposed to natural radiation of 2-3 mSv a year.

In a CT scan, the organ being studied typically receives a radiation dose of 15 mSv in an adult to 30 mSv in a newborn infant.

A typical chest X-ray involves exposure of about 0.02 mSv, while a dental one can be 0.01 mSv.

Exposure to 100 mSv a year is the lowest level at which any increase in cancer risk is clearly evident. A cumulative 1,000 mSv (1 sievert) would probably cause a fatal cancer many years later in five out of every 100 persons exposed to it.

1 mSv (millisievert) is equal to 100 mR, so we are exposed to 200 – 300 mR/year. A chest X-ray exposes us to 0.02 mSv, or 2 mR. It would take roughly four days of nonstop exposure to a device that emits radiation at 0.02 mR/hr to receive as much radiation as is emitted by an X-ray in one sitting. Even so, this amount is 1/50 of the lowest level at which there is an increase in cancer risk.

On March 26, at Fukushima Monitoring Post 79, radiation was being emitted at a rate of 825 μSv (microsievert)/hr, or 82.5 mR/hr; that’s 0.83 mSv/hr, which means that if you were exposed for four or five days, you would approach the lowest level of radiation for cancer risk.

In conclusion, the distance away from the radiation epicenter and the wind direction relative to your location can prove to be crucial for determining the amount of radiation one is exposed to. However, it seems that residents in Tokyo, the most populated city in Japan, seem relatively safe from such exposure. We hope that this data and our conclusions have given our readers a comprehensive analysis of the often overwhelming nuclear data that is available on the internet from established sources. Thank you.

Household Radiation Measurements

Using a handheld Geiger counter, I tested 15 items/appliances for radiation. The results were somewhat unvaried, ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 mR(millirem)/hr .

Laptop: 0.02 mR/hr

Television: 0.01 mR/hr

Speakers: 0.01 mR/hr

Playstation 3: 0.02 mR/hr

Vending Machine: 0.02 mR/hr

Microwave: 0.03 mR/hr

Refrigerator: 0.03 mR/hr

Vacuum Cleaner: 0.01 mR/hr

Alarm Clock: 0.02 mR/hr

Smoke Detector: 0.02 mR/hr

Cellular Phone: 0.03 mR/hr

Vase: 0.02 mR/hr

Car Dashboard: 0.03 mR/hr

Lightbulb: 0.01 mR/hr

V-Card Reader: 0.02 mR/hr

To give you an idea of just how small these amounts are, here are some facts about radiation exposure (taken from Reuters):

People are exposed to natural radiation of 2-3 mSv a year.

In a CT scan, the organ being studied typically receives a radiation dose of 15 mSv in an adult to 30 mSv in a newborn infant.

A typical chest X-ray involves exposure of about 0.02 mSv, while a dental one can be 0.01 mSv.

Exposure to 100 mSv a year is the lowest level at which any increase in cancer risk is clearly evident. A cumulative 1,000 mSv (1 sievert) would probably cause a fatal cancer many years later in five out of every 100 persons exposed to it.

1 mSv (millisievert) is equal to 100 mR, so we are exposed to 200 – 300 mR/year. A chest X-ray exposes us to 0.02 mSv, or 2 mR. It would take roughly four days of nonstop exposure to a device that emits radiation at 0.02 mR/hr to receive as much radiation as is emitted by an X-ray in one sitting. Even so, this amount is 1/50 of the lowest level at which there is an increase in cancer risk.

On March 26, at Fukushima Monitoring Post 79, radiation was being emitted at a rate of 825 μSv (microsievert)/hr, or 82.5 mR/hr; that’s 0.83 mSv/hr, which means that if you were exposed for four or five days, you would approach the lowest level of radiation for cancer risk.

Group 17 Project Data (Ongoing)

Below are the approximate integrated doses of radiation detected at the Fukushima Monitoring Post 79 and in Tokyo (the Bunkyo Ward where levels were measured by Tokyo University)

Why did we choose to use Fukushima Monitoring Post 79?

Fukushima Monitoring Post 79 is Located 30 KM NW away from the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant. Because most of the wind moved northwest in the days and weeks after the initial incident, this was the most reliable place to test the radiation levels for the immediate area.

We also decided to compare these numbers to Tokyo, as a way to see the effective difference between the area surrounding Fukushima and Japan’s capital city (located approx 1,000KM away)

How does this compare to average radiation levels? Looking at the most current statistics (April 19):


mircoSv/ day = Reading of the integrated dose (as seen above)

1. Fukushima Monitoring Post

10.8 microSv/hour (242 microSv/day = same as round-trip flight from New York to Los Angeles)

à 242 microSv/day = 88330 microSv/year = 88.3 times annual average dose limit)

2. Tokyo
0.075 microSv/hour (1.8 microSv/day = 657 microSv/year = 65.7% annual dose limit)

Data Sources:
http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/index-e.html#anchor01

http://www.mext.go.jp/english/radioactivity_level/detail/1304082.htm

http://www.mext.go.jp/english/radioactivity_level/detail/1304080.htm

Group 17 Project Plan – Nuclear Energy and Measuring Radiation Effects

Kento: Will gather and research published data on radiation levels
Andrew: Will gather information about standardized levels of normal radiation that are deemed safe, dangerous, or lethal and compare it to the published known radiation level data sets
David: Will conduct an experiment to see how radiation levels are measured and explain the functions behind it.

Science and Technology Involved: We will be taking a close look at the process of creating nuclear power, which involves 1) controlled (non-explosive) nuclear reactions. When producing nuclear energy, nuclear fission reactions heat water and produce steam, creating electricity. As the nuclear plant explosion in Fukushima has shown, there are times when this process of creating energy can be harmful to humans and the environment. We want to study the radiation levels that are associated when there is a failure of the cooling systems, resulting in a nuclear emergency.

Activity Plan: Our data will consist of radiation reports by Tepco, The Tokyo Electric Power Company, who publishes and monitors radiation levels from its failing power stations. We will also seek to report radiation levels that exist in surrounding areas, including the land and water, in an effort to learn more about the relative exposure levels and its effects. We also plan to conduct an experiment using the lab at Vassar College to better understand how radiation measurement works.

Data on daily radiation exposure levels at Fukushima Power Plant:

http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/monitoring/index-e.html

Our meeting times will be on Monday at 1:00 p.m. and Wednesdays at 3:00 p.m.

Outcomes: We assume that due to the concentration to radiation levels in close proximity to the plant, exposure levels will be most significant there and expand as radiation continues to leak. We want to compare these radiation levels in Fukushima with what is deemed as safe/dangerous/lethal and make predictions about the effects on the people situated in and around the power plant now.

Nuclear energy and radiation effects

In light of the nuclear radiation threats in the fukushima-daiichi power plant in Japan, we want to do a quantitative study of the effects of a nuclear meltdown. By collecting data on the number of people exposed, comparing levels of exposure to radiation workers, and performing shielding measurement experiments. Our goal is to better understand, quantitatively, the extent of the dangers related with the nuclear explosion.

Welcome!

This is the Student Project Group for David Noy, Gregory Spanos, and Andrew Rock. This is the section of the LTT website where you should place all of your posts that relate to your group project. Once you have read the “How To Post” page and have decided upon a physics project for your group, you should follow along with the assignments listed in the Course Syllabus to know what should be posted here, and when. Remember that any comments on others’ work should not appear in this category, but should be made as comments underneath their respective posts. As soon as you finalize your project plans, keep up with the assignment due dates on Moodle, and have fun posting. Good luck!

Getting Started…

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