Monthly Archives: November 2017

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It is relatively common in the animal kingdom that species will communicate with one another through more than one sensory modality; that is, they can combine auditory, visual, olfactory (smell), and other signal forms in their interactions with other individuals, … Continue reading →

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An occasional stroll through an urban forest or a developed landscape may leave one finding a cote of doves, thick vegetation, a family of hikers, and…heavy machinery? As a result of the advent of wide-spread geo-commercialism, many young entrepreneurs are … Continue reading →

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  Discriminability and memorability are two aspects of receiver psychology; a component of sensory processing that directly precedes the receiver response. Endler (1993) emphasizes that the receiver is an overlooked player and he provides a framework to better understand the … Continue reading →

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Pollination is necessary for plants to reproduce, and so many species of plants depend on bees and other insects as pollinators. Flowers employ a number of strategies to attracts pollinators such as bright colors, patterns and alluring fragrances. Flowers however … Continue reading →

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In insects and frogs, a female’s preference for males who call first is well proven. These males are called leaders. Other calling males neighboring the leading male are called followers. Although the female preference for leaders has been studied thoroughly, … Continue reading →