Main Building: A Social Hub, National Historic Landmark, & Home

My video project is finally done!  I’ve chosen to do a short film about Main building at Vassar College as a national historic landmark.  In this film, I’ve presented many different perspectives of students on the different roles of Main building.  I was primarily interested in how the title of “national historic landmark” influences the way in which residents view the building.

 

I really enjoyed making a movie for this topic.  I think the short film is an efficient an interesting way to convey the kinds of ideas I introduce about Main building as a landmark and home.  Though iMovie quit on me a few times (which was NOT a pleasant experience), I was finally able to finish and post it on youtube.

 

Harlem: Inside and Out

Harlem: Inside and Out is an online exhibition, in the form of a blog, about the Harlem Renaissance. The exhibition is organized into seven themes (as shown on the right) that aim to capture different facets of the African American experience in Harlem during the 1920’s. There is also a page about the exhibition and pages for my sources and suggested readings.

 

Primarily I wanted to use my final project to test my own bias. As we have talked at length in this course about issues of indigenous and community archaeologies, I wanted to examine how aware I was of my own biases and how difficult it really is to incorporate minority narratives and oral histories in a museum exhibition in order to create a more accurate portrayal the African American community. As it was not feasible for this to be a collaborative project, and we worked with so many forms of new media in our workshops each week, I decided to create a very interactive exhibition in order to gain that sense of multivocality and multiple perspectives and minimize the influence of my own stereotypes. I thus have used videos, sound clips, interviews, excerpts from Harlem Renaissance writers, scholarly perspectives, and links to interactive learning tools and other online exhibitions.

I also wanted to get people thinking as they go through this exhibition, and have therefore posed numerous questions throughout the exhibit that ask viewers to compare what they read or hear in varying primary sources to the works of art themselves, and to relate  different artists or black and white interpretations of a subject matter. The goal is for viewers to comment with their thoughts and generate an online discussion that gets people to think about this time period in a new way and recognize their own stereotypes as they open themselves to new, non-white narratives. Enjoy!

 

 

 

Practicing Praxis: An Archaeological Adventure

For my final project, I wanted to find a way to overcome what I viewed as two major problems in K-12 archeology education:

  1. The necessity of costly material teaching tools, be they models of artifacts, materials for reconstructing digs, or the actual cost of taking a whole class to visit a site
  2. The site-specificity of simulation programs, which may make it difficult to impart thematic problems in archaeology

This screenshot demonstrates the user-input based interface of much of the game (Superstar Shia LaBeouf is not actually featured in this game).

Thus, the video game Practicing Praxis was born. Guided by Professor Praxis, a khaki-clad mentor, the user learns how to cooperate with different members of their field team (all of whom have very different goals), how to work with native communities, and how to ultimately present their work to the public. By using a choose-your-own-adventure format, the game simulates the reality of subjective problem solving and challenges the player to think about the stakeholders involved in each decision, and whose desires and opinions should be put above the rest– there is no right answer!

I had initially planned to give the user a letter grade at the end of the game, but working through the different scenarios made me realize that praxis (as it is implemented, not theorized) is inherently idiosyncratic, though we may hope to standardize it when it comes to ethics. Thus, I tried to constrain the chastisement in the game to instances of disrespect and thoughtlessness on facilitators’ parts as opposed to deducting points for preferring local news coverage to blogging.

This game is currently only for PCs and can be downloaded here (to install, extract all items from folder and click on the .exe file). Please forgive any lingering bugs and glitches– while I have been working on streamlining the system, this is still very much a first draft of a first attempt. Have fun!

Archaeology in NYC

I just found out that I will be living in New York City this summer, and thought it would be fun to look into the archaeology of the city. So much of our class has been focused on tribal communities and more open landscapes, that I thought it would be very interesting to looks at how an urban archaeology is conducted, the different kinds of artifacts it yields and the different interpretations that can be drawn.

I thought this article from the New York Times gives a great little introduction to the archaeology of NYC, especially for the general public who may not be familiar with the field. I enjoyed their use of personal stories and I think it makes archaeology much more accessible for the uninitiated. By referring to specific artifacts, such as a broken bottle, and by placing the objects in their context on a cartoon map of the city, the article allows the reader to identify with the archaeological sites, both physically and geographically. I also like the interactive nature of the map, and think that the pop up descriptions show visitors how information can be drawn from the smallest artifact, such as a goat horn, or the most subtle changes in soil.

However, I wish the site enabled those interested by these projects to learn more about the digs. For example, it would have been great if readers could click on the blurbs to get more information and links to other sources or sites about the projects. This way the article would appeal to both the casual reader and those who want more in-depth information. I also have to look down upon the title, which uses key buzz words (“Raiders” – which makes me think  of Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark, and “Lost City” – which sensationalizes New York’s colonial past) to grab the reader’s attention and set the reader up for a tale of adventure and treasure. But especially in such a populated urban area, this article really gets the viewers to consider archaeology and think about their surroundings in a new way.

I also found this fun walking tour of the city’s early history through archaeology if anyone else is going to be in the city over the summer!

Underwater Excavation at Yassi Ada

Since the one hundredth anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic has drawn quite a bit of attention to underwater archaeology, I decided to post about a different underwater archaeology project: the ancient Byzantine shipwreck at Yassi Ada, located right off the coast of Bodrum, Turkey.

(Recreation of the ship at Yassi Ada: Picture reference)

I came across a “This American Life” episode titled, “Contents Unknown.”  The theme of this episode was “stories of filling in the blank,” so a story about an archaeological excavation fit in naturally.  The segment within the episode titled, “He Shapes Ship Shapes by the Sea Shore” tells the story of the archaeological excavation of the Byzantine shipwreck at Yassi Ada through the eyes of Fred van Doorninck, the assistant director of the project, and George Bass, the director of the project.  The reason Doorninck and Bass’s story fits so well into this episode about “filling in the blank” is due not only to the fact that they uncovered important insight into the Byzantine Empire but also because they had to be incredibly innovative and creative when it came to their methodology of excavation.   The field was incredibly new and in fact this project is often viewed as one of, if not the first, complete underwater archaeological excavations.  Since there really wasn’t any information about how to properly conduct underwater archaeology without destroying the site of study, Doorninck and Bass ended up inventing some techniques that have been the foundation of underwater archaeology techniques that are frequently used today.

(Fred van Doorninck at Yassi Ada.  Picture reference)

One of the first problems they faced was the fact the scuba diving was very new, and they could only search the shipwreck for approximately twenty minutes.  Another problem lay in the material that encased the ship: saltwater.  The problem was to search the ship and extract information and samples without destroying, which they claimed could easily happen simply when brushing sand away from the ship.  They finally came up with the brilliant idea of sharpening bicycle spokes and sticking fragments of the ship onto them with the ultimate goal of recreating the ship.  More information about the structure of the ship was based on the indentation the ship made in the sand.  Doorninck finally collaborated with scholars of naval architecture to produce a sound model of what the ship looked like.

 

One of the biggest breakthroughs in their research was the discovery of an inscription on an amphora.  After many years of research, they discovered that the inscription indicated the captain of the ship was a priest.  Many priests were in fact captains of ships because many Christian churches apparently owned ships during this time period.  The ship also had many similarly shaped and sized amphoras in it implying that people during this time period had access to factories and mass production, which meant accessibility to much more technologically advanced resources than had previously been thought.  Ultimately the researchers hypothesized that this ship was lent to the Byzantine army by the church indicating that the relationship between the Christian church and army was much more intertwined than had originally been thought.

picture reference

I personally loved this story.  The facts of the project really are inspiring and truly show how important archaeology can be in uncovering histories and stories of the past while also demonstrating the innovative techniques and problem solving skills that accompany this field of study.  What I enjoyed most though, was listening to Doorninck and Bass talk about the project.  In the past, I have often stereotyped archaeologists as super serious scholars who don’t really have any emotions or joke around because they are so invested in their work.  During the episode, Doorninck actually jokes that putting the ship together was almost “… impossible…If there had been one less fragment…I wouldn’t have been able to put the pieces together.”  I definitely recommend listening to this episode.  The interaction between the two scholars is refreshing as they truly convey the great amount of respect they have for each other and passion they both have for the project.

The following video is the first part of a video about the beginnings of underwater archaeology.  It’s pretty awesome to see some of the actual artifacts found (skip to 2:30) as well as the old school scuba gear (skip to 3:00).

Selling Archaeological Sites in Greece

This article, entitled “Debt-Ridden Greece Hopes Ancient Sites Can Yield New Cash,” from the New York Times, reflects our discussion of cultural tourism on an even larger scale. As we have seen, cultural sites often turn to tourism to help bring in desperately needed money. In the face of public funding cuts, officials of Greece’s national landmarks are using a similar principle. In addition to promoting tourism, these sites are trying to attract foreign filmmakers, fashion photographers and advertising firms by lowering their once high “rental” prices to $1,300 a day for photographers and $2,000 a day for film crews, and by simplifying their bureaucratic process.

These low prices seemingly invite anyone with a little money to come in and take over valuable sites like the Acropolis, making Greece’s heritage the backdrop for a cheesy commercial or the setting for an epic shootouts. As with many of the local tribal sites we have discussed, there is a major concern that such tourism and advertising could demean one’s history and culture and make it seem inauthentic. I believe that in opening up these sites to such advertising firms, there is a risk that the importance of a site and its identity could be lost. While tourists come for the culture and experience, using an archaeological site in advertisements for products unrelated to the site or as the background for a women in fancy evening gowns could dissociate the place from its meaning for consumers. To protect these sites I feel that any films or photography shoots that use the site need to, in some way, benefit the public’s understanding of the site, rather than just use it as a pretty background or to stir intrigue.

However, as the country’s archaeological council is allegedly very stringent on who they give permission to, hopefully no real danger is posed. As long as officials are careful and do not allow sites like the acropolis to become too overdone or take a backseat to company’s product promotions, Greece’s national archaeological monuments should maintain their integrity and significance. Hopefully these new advertising means can make the public aware of new sites, increase tourism, and promote a positive image of Greece in a time of financial troubles, in addition to promoting their products or providing entertainment.

Archaeology of the Internet

The website of an advertising company called Story Worldwide describes an interesting project called “Digital Archaeology.” This was an exhibition of websites that “many consider to be the most significant sites of their time, each pushing the boundaries of how we play, interact and are entranced by technology.” Each website was shown on the original computers and browsers of its time, a neat way to transport the viewer back in time to the early days of the internet when these “artifacts” were first made and used. One of the main goals of the project was to encourage the archiving of important early websites as cultural resources, just like ancient artifacts are considered cultural resources to be preserved for future knowledge today. This is a neat project and it makes you think about what kinds of questions future generations of archaeologists will be asking about our time, and what kinds of materials, digital and physical, they will consider important finds.

The Hero’s Excavation: The Mythopoetic Archaeologist in Popular Culture

After reading my colleagues’ discussions of Indiana Jones and the Titanic, I thought it might be appropriate to write about the romance of archaeology in popular culture, particularly in regard to notions of heroism:

Howard Carter inspecting King Tut with an unnamed colleague (Source: Teresa Wilde's Demon of the Week)

Like Indiana Jones, many of the most famous archaeological sites are characterized by a monolithic researcher, converting the archaeologist as a singular researcher into an archetype, a singularity. Tutankhamun’s tomb had Howard Carter; Olduvai Gorge had the Leakys; and Egyptology (until the Mubarak debacle, at least) had Zahi Hawass. The archaeologist as archetype is considered the supreme authority in their area of expertise, which permits them the authorship to unveil treasures and past events (another equally valuable of capital, one might argue) as yet another flourish to their legacy. We have already discussed the rhetoric of “discovery”, “seeking out”, “treasure-hunting”, and “revealing”, and I think it is telling that a single figure is often set at the head of these efforts. Recalling classical anthropology’s embedded militancy metaphors, the archaeologist becomes analogous to a war hero, or even a crusader, preserving and protecting and elevating a sacred property so that it does not fall victim to the ravages (or “savages”) of time.

We have discussed the difficulty of simply supplanting these dominant metaphors with our own “more appropriate” tropes; what sort of altered hero narrative do you think would be more befitting community archaeology (a priest, spreading a doctrine for the benefit of their parish to inspire them to good works?), or public archaeology (a wandering bard, like Homer or Johnny Appleseed?), or any other archaeological variants we have studied?  Do we need a hero narrative at all– or rather, why do you think it is there in the first place?

Alternatively, if you search "archaeologist" in Google Images, the results are-- more often than not-- a far cry from "heroic". (Source: How Stuff Works)

 

Image sources:

Howard Carter and an unnamed colleague. Teresa Wilde’s Demon of the Week Blog.

Alternatively, if you search… How Stuff Works.

 

More on the Titanic: Is James Cameron an Archaeologist?

I’m so glad that Anne posted about the Titanic because I’ve been meaning to write a little something about it ever since I saw Titanic 3D a couple weekends ago.

Now, I don’t mean to claim that James Cameron is an archaeologist HOWEVER I am really interested in some archaeological ideas Cameron presents in his film Titanic.

I first saw the film when I was in elementary school and all I really remember is thinking how sad it was that Jack died in the end and how crazy the old woman was for throwing the necklace back into the sea.  Watching it now, especially after having learned a bit more about archaeology this semester, I have a slightly different mindset.

Both in Avatar and in Titanic Cameron does a phenomenal job of portraying the treasure-hunting greedy American as insensitive and as one who dehumanizes the artifacts and land that are in his way (the RDA corporation and Brock Lovett respectively).  In class, we’ve talked a lot about this perception of archaeologists.  This view, commonly shared among some Native American groups, who have traditionally viewed archaeologists as grave-robbing treasure-hunters, has hindered archaeological projects and has led to a mistrust of archaeologists by some Native Americans.  When the treasure-hunters in the film explain how the ship sunk to the modern day elderly Rose, they are pretty insensitive:

Lewis Bodine: [narrating an animated sequence of the Titanic’s sinking on a TV monitor] Okay here we go. She hits the berg on the starboard side, right? She kind of bumps along punching holes like Morse code, dit dit dit, along the side, below the water line. Then the forward compartments start to flood. Now as the water level rises, it spills over the watertight bulkheads, which unfortunately don’t go any higher than E deck. So now as the bow goes down, the stern rises up. Slow at first, then faster and faster until finally she’s got her whole ass sticking up in the air – And that’s a big ass, we’re talking 20-30,000 tons. Okay? And the hull’s not designed to deal with that pressure, so what happens? “KRRRRRRKKK!” She splits. Right down to the keel. And the stern falls back level. Then as the bow sinks it pulls the stern vertical and then finally detaches. Now the stern section just kind of bobs there like a cork for a couple of minutes, floods and finally goes under about 2:20am two hours and forty minutes after the collision. The bow section planes away, landing about half a mile away going about 20-30 knots when it hits the ocean floor. “BOOM, PLCCCCCGGG!”… Pretty cool, huh?

Old Rose: Thank you for that fine forensic analysis, Mr. Bodine. Of course, the experience of it was… somewhat different. (reference here)

Rose then proceeds to explain her personal experience on the Titanic.  This oral history serves to humanize the search bringing life back to the artifacts the treasure hunters have collected including a hand mirror and a butterfly hair accessory.  This is important in archaeology.  The objects on their own and out of context (in the film they were presented on a table) seem to just be old objects from a sunken ship.  However when brought to life by a personal experience or story and put into context of use and purpose, a viewer can have a totally different and emotional response to seeing and interacting with that object.

After Rose shared her story about surviving the shipwreck, the main treasure hunter, Lovett, says to Rose’s granddaughter, “Three years, I’ve thought of nothing except Titanic; but I never got it… I never let it in.” (ref)

I think what he meant here is during these past few years he has been meticulously researching the event and searching for treasure on site only really viewing the Titanic in an objective scientific sense.  He viewed it, in a way, as intangible event instead of viewing the ship itself as an artifact marking a serious tragedy.  The ship had its own life, significance, and culture and was much more complex than he may have completely realized.  The site itself is essentially a mass grave for over 1,000 people.  To someone removed from the event, that number may just seem like a statistic.  However when presented with the stories of the people it personally affected, the number may illicit a much more emotional response and deeper understanding of what the sinking of the Titanic really meant.

And now I think I understand why Rose threw the necklace into the ocean: because it belonged with the ship and the rest of the artifacts from the site.  It belonged in the earth under the ocean, not with treasure-hunters, not in a museum, not even with her.

 

This is a concept that I had been struggling to completely grasp.  I guess growing up the way I did, attending public school in northeastern USA up until Vassar, I kind of felt like it was the archaeologist’s right to dig up essentially anything for the sake of knowledge and preservation.  And I’m not trying to say that I didn’t have a good public school education because I really did, it’s just that archaeology wasn’t really the main topic of discussion in any of my classes.  It wasn’t until I took this course that I realized that archaeology and archaeological excavations are not as simple as finding treasure and unearthing mysteries in our history, as I had always assumed.  In the case of some Native American communities, it is natural and right for humans and objects to return to the earth when the time has come for them to do so.  So it’s hard, I think, to really determine if archaeologists have the right to dig up sites for the greater good of knowledge or if they should leave the site be.  Collaboration between archaeologists and the community that the archaeologists’ research affects is, I think, a step in the right direction.  Constantly reminding the archaeologist of the human aspect of their research and how that affects that modern-day community can enrich the research project and ultimately potentially have a greater and more significant impact.

Pictures: ref 1, ref 2ref 3

Archaeology of the Titanic

In lieu of the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic, this article, from Archaeology Magazine, details the process of the exploration of the Titanic as it has developed with the field of underwater archaeology and advances in deep-sea technology. I found it extremely interesting that it was not until very recently the underwater wreckage has been considered an archaeological site. In the most recent excavation in 2010, new underwater robotic vehicles were able to take 3-D photos of all areas of the ship, creating detailed site maps and allowing archaeologists to literally “walk on the decks of the ship.” Archaeologists have now begun the task of identifying the context of various artifacts, features. I was also intrigued by the ethical and legal issues that excavators have faced in the 25 years since the ship was discovered, which tie in to some of the same issues we have discussed with repatriation, leaving sacred artifacts untouched, why and how artifacts are removed from the ground (or the sea!) and what happens to them next.