Reconstructions & The Power of Technology

In our discussion of archaeological reconstructions, we found that the major methods for site presentation include the stabilization and preservation of ruins, ghost buildings, and full-scale reconstructions. Each have different elements of site disturbance associated with them.

A method of reconstruction we didn’t discuss was virtual reconstruction. In virtual worlds like Second Life, it is possible to reconstruct a site to full detail. One of the possibilities opened up by virtual reconstruction is the reproduction of large sites where tangible reconstruction would be an impossibility, such as the city of Lisbon.

 

As technology progresses and archaeologists become more tech-savvy, it may be possible to eliminate some of the drawbacks to real-life and virtual reconstruction by combining the two- holograms can be projected at real sites with minimal invasion of the surviving foundations, and tourists will be able to walk through the site without the mediation of a screen.

Archaeology Games

Try your hand at this archaeology game made by the BBC.

The game puts you in the shoes of an archaeologist searching for an ancient burial site with a limited budget and under time pressure from developers. You need to do research at the local records office, take aerial photos of the land, and choose what methods to use in your excavation.

The game is quite unusual, in that it puts CRM archaeology in context and allows the player to see the “big picture” in an archaeology project- that which takes place outside of the actual excavation. I lost the game (and the quarry company destroyed my site) on my first try because I was too slow and careful with digging and went over budget.

In a basic search of online archaeology games out there, you’ll probably find that most aren’t really games at all, but “clickable” animations or quizzes. However, the best educational games (and Hunt the Ancestor only begins to scratch the surface of possibilities here) are immersive and immediate- you learn not by being asked to read facts, but by living a virtual life and having virtual “hands-on” experience. Actually making decisions and dealing with results makes programs like this one much more compelling and therefore better instruments of public archaeology.

Burarra Gathering: Sharing Indigenous Knowledge

Burarra Gathering is an online project authored by Questacon, Australia’s National Science and Technology Centre. At its physical location in Canberra, Questacon provides public exhibitions that promote greater awareness of science and technology within the community, emphasizing fun and hands-on experience. One of their outreach projects is Burarra Gathering, an interactive online exhibition (based on a physical one by the same name) that brings users on a virtual trip to the land of the Burarra people. The creators wanted to explore the significance of Indigenous technologies, and were intend upon making the exhibit ‘collaborative’ with the Burarra people of northern Arnhem Land.

The exhibit does an interesting job of presenting the intersection of Indigenous and ‘mainstream’ cultures. Our virtual host, a teenage boy named Danaja, is depicted wearing a brightly colored jersey and shorts, next to his grandfather in muted colors and a scruffy beard. Both guiding characters introduce the viewer to choice vocabulary of the Burarra language, and demonstrate usage of ‘traditional’ technologies like trapping fish, navigating a boat, understanding seasons, making fire with sticks, and tracking animals. Everything is animated, which perhaps appeals to their younger target audience, but also prevents any sense of real ‘intimacy’ with artifacts.

Perhaps the most interesting part of the online exhibit is the ‘permit application.’ Aboriginal land in Australia is privately owned, and you must be an invited guest to be issued a permit to visit. Danaja presents a postcard inviting us to visit the Burarra people, then asks that the user inputs their name into a simplified version of a permit application. The permit explains the importance of protecting the privacy, culture, and environment of Aboriginal communities.

The interface is not the smoothest by today’s standards, but the site could definitely be interesting and informative in classroom settings. Questacon says that Burarra Gathering has been successful because it shows that indigenous knowledge can be presented in engaging ways, and it helped cultivate a close relationship between Questacon and a remote Burarra community. They also say that it has inspired future creation of more projects that allow Indigenous communities to tell their stories online.

Archaeology and Technology at Vassar

The above video is an excerpt from a short film made by Vassar students about the use of HP Tablet PCs in field-based classes. The full film can be found here.

Professor Johnson talks about using the tablets to prevent the degradation of data- critical and post-processual archaeology place much emphasis on how the archaeologist influences conclusions and interpretations of field data, but Johnson makes a good point in reminding us that the archaeologists’ first influence on the creation of knowledge happens in the field, during the copying out of data. Field methods have as much room for improvement as methods of thought and methods of collaboration or consultation.

Archaeology Blogs

http://digitaldirtvirtualpasts.wordpress.com/

Digital Dirt/ Virtual Pasts is written by a Ph.D. candidate at the Glasgow School of Art, aimed at other digital artists and archaeologists from the UK. The posts are accounts of the author’s projects as they progress, complete with pictures. Most recently, the author has been working on a 3D model of the St. Kilda Blackhouse. Technical terms about 3D modeling can make the blog difficult to approach and to comprehend fully, but the author uses her experiences to critically examine the process of archaeological illustration and reconstruction and how the creative process can affect interpretation. Though the reader may have to dig through narratives about unfamiliar people and places using unfamiliar terms, but the author’s commitment to reflexivity makes for a fresh perspective on how archaeology and media interact with each other, both for the archaeologist acting as a creator and for others acting as consumers.

http://badarchaeology.wordpress.com

Bad Archaeology is written by a group of British archaeologists and aimed at the general public. It has a large and varied readership with vigorous debate in the comments section. The blog takes an empirical stance on archaeology and attempts to dispel popular misconceptions about archaeology as well as theories he deems to be psuedoscience or unsupported by hard science. The blog emphasizes the importance of the archaeologist as a supreme authority on archaeological matters. Content includes explanations of why the authors believe dowsing, ley lines, biblical archaeology and “conspiracy theories” have no place in archaeology. The blog is an excellent example of public outreach from conservative academic archaeology; it uses those themes in archaeology to which the general public is most attracted (adventure, mystery, and treasure) in order to present archaeology as a hard science. The language is accessible to non-archaeologists and the posts are filled with pictures, making the posts entertaining as well as provocative, though the reader should remember that as an academic, the author has a motive, and the viewpoints he dismisses (particularly religious and indigenous viewpoints), can also be considered true representations of multiple pasts.