Author Archives: rmoguel

Many terrestrial animals use scent marking behaviors as a major form of communication. The scent marking process involves the systemic depositing of odors from metabolic byproducts, urine, or feces, from specialized glands, or from the orbital gland into the environment. … Continue reading →

A variety of mammals and birds rely on alarm calls as a common defensive strategy to alert others to danger. Alarm calls vary in the information they carry about a certain threat. Calls can carry information about predator type, size, … Continue reading →